The mid-2000s brought waves of heterogeneous, non-sanctioned devices into the network. By 2009, workers had made it clear that they preferred BYOD, as CIOs began feeling the pressure of personal devices flooding the workplace. The result has been the creation of so-called “shadow IT” – projects (applications and systems) managed outside of, and without the knowledge of, the IT department. The BYOD phenomenon went hand in hand with the adoption of non-sanctioned, cloud-based software as a service (SaaS) applications to address a line of business needs.